What Is Architecture?

The meaning of architecture, its historical development, its relationship with modern life and the effects of geography on architecture.

What Is Architecture?

Various formulas have also been used to define the position of architecture more clearly. Based on definitions that have continued since antiquity, one such formula is as follows:

As can be seen, just as “architecture” has always been included in classifications of the arts from ancient times to the present day, the concepts of “art” and “design” have always been present in definitions of architecture. Because design is involved, architecture is not composed solely of art in the same way as painting, sculpture or music. It also contains function and technology, all shaped together through art. Without doubt, wherever aesthetics is involved, art is also present, and architecture is no exception.

How Did Architecture Emerge?

Architecture, regarded as one of the world’s oldest professions, essentially emerged from the human need for shelter. Although we cannot say that people living in caves produced architectural works, cave paintings show that art was already a part of their lives. The earliest architectural remains are thought to date back to the Neolithic Age. Modern architecture, on the other hand, began with the use of glass and iron that developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution. The combined use of glass and iron is one of the distinguishing features of modern buildings. Iron bridges, which began to be constructed toward the end of the 18th century, are known as some of the first authentic works of modern architecture.

Architecture Today

It would not be wrong to say that contemporary architecture combines the materials used in modern design with techniques that have been applied for centuries.

Those who are unfamiliar with the field of architecture generally think of buildings such as houses, places of worship and castles as architectural works, but the field actually has a much broader scope.

Alongside historical structures such as bridges, fountains, inns, baths, tombs and social complexes, the art of architecture can also be seen in spaces that respond to modern needs, including cafés, restaurants, homes, workplaces, offices and shops, as well as in every area where landscaping applications are carried out.

Geography and Architecture

The climate, landforms, soil type and vegetation of a region directly influence the materials and forms used in its buildings. Every region of Anatolia has its own distinctive character. Adobe houses are common in Southeastern Anatolia, while wooden houses are widespread in the Black Sea region. The colour of the steppe dominates Central Anatolia, whereas shades of tile green and blue are prominent in Bursa and its surroundings. These examples can, of course, be expanded. When examined individually, they reveal the influence of geography on civilisation and of civilisation on architecture.

Contemporary architecture continues to develop within the triangle of geography, civilisation and architecture. As historical awareness and appreciation of art have increased, this relationship has become even more prominent, ultimately bringing modern and traditional architecture together. Today, we are ready to see architectural structures in which steel construction, wood, brick and stone are used together.